Introduction
Olympic Weightlifting can be a sport where athletes compete for that total weight of 2 lifts: the snatch and also the clean & jerk. Working out methods employed in Weightlifting will also be utilised by Strength & Conditioning coaches as a technique of strength training to get a great deal of other sports. Most significant reasons behind exploiting various strength training modalities such is for power development. There are several variations on the party’s theme of power training. Some training modalities include plyometrics (Wilson, Elliot & Wood 1990), assisted and resisted training (Faccioni 1993a; 1993b) and speed and acceleration drills (Cinkovich 1992). A popular method accustomed to increase athletic power is Olympic Weightlifting (ie power cleans, push presses, snatches, jump jerks in addition to their variations) conducted in the weight room (Garhammer, 1993). It has traditionally been described as efficient of producing general explosive ability (Takano 1992; Stone 1993; Garhammer & Gregor 1992). However, there are more important considerations that demand to become addressed when implementing Olympic lifting exercises in to the Strength & Conditioning program of an athlete, a few of these include movement competency, training age, sport and coaching time with athlete. The intention of this informative article by Elite Performance Institute (EPI) is to provide a biomechanical and physiological discussion as to the reasons weightlifting training is beneficial to improve athletic performance and how they must be performed in the training course. For more information, please visit www.epicertification.com
Power Defined
Power may be looked as the best blend of speed and strength to make movement (Chu 1996). Particularly, power represents the ability of the athlete to make high degrees of work through certain distance. The harder power a player possesses the larger the a higher level work performed (Wilson 1992). Power can be a blend of strength and speed:
POWER = FORCE (strength) X VELOCITY (speed of movement)
There are several physiological and neural adaptations which comprise the strength component (Moritani 1992). Physiological adaptations to strength include a boost in muscle tissue through hypertrophy, connective tissue density and bone integrity (Tesch 1992a). Neural adaptations (Schmidtbleicher 1992) that could be produced are: (1) increased recruitment of motor units; (2) increased firing rate of motor neurones; (3) synchronised firing of motor neurones; (4) rise in intra-muscular coordination; and (5) rise in inter-muscular coordination.
Speed of movement comprises a variety of interrelated factors (Ackland & Bloomfield 1995). These are; (1) muscle fibre type; (2) skill; (3) muscle insertion points; (4) lever length; (5) muscular posture; and (6) elastic energy technique series elastic component.
Olympic Weightling exercises facilitate continuing development of the center (Strength-Speed and Speed-Strength) in the force-velocity (FV) curve (see above). The FV curve acts a guide to Strength & Conditioning Courses based on the form of strength developed from each exercise, session or phase to train in the program. Therefore, the force & Conditioning coach can effectively plan what sort of power they need to develop and which training modality (powerlifting, Olympic liftining, plyometrics, etc) is most beneficial utilised to elicit these adaptations.
Conclusion
Concern still exists as to the ef?cacy of including Olympic weightlifting exercises in the strength training programs of athletes in sports apart from weightlifting. These concerns generally fall under 3 broad categories: 1) Perceived time needed to educate yourself on the movements because of the complexity in the lifts. 2) An absence of comprehension of the potential bene?ts that could be produced by performing Olympic lifting exercises correctly. 3) Concern in the risk of injury caused by doing these weightlifting movements.
It can be evident there are a large number of biomechanical great things about doing these lifts with limited disadvantages. The biggest risk may be in the perceived danger of doing these lifts. On such basis as the research presented by Brian Hammill in the British Weightlifting Association (BWLA), it is usually stated with con?dence how the risk of harm can be as low or below most sports provided that there exists quali?ed supervision provided by certi?ed Strength and Conditioning coach who have been been trained in coaching the weightlifting movements.
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